[toc]

前因

在windows下学习c/c++程序时，总是黑窗口，不禁有了疑惑->窗口程序是怎么开发出来的?后来了解到可以调用win32api开发出windows系统的窗口程序。此篇文章记录一下第一个windows窗口程序的开发。

过程

一第一个控制台程序

在visualstudio中新建一个c语言程序项目，功能为在控制台界面中显示hello world.

使用visualStudio新建空项目，并添加一个源文件main.cpp,并写出c语言的helloworld代码。

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
	
int main()
{
    printf("hello world");
    return 0;
}

编译运行会在控制台里输出hello world，如图所示

二第一个win32api的使用

修改源main.cpp文件代码，在主函数里调用win32api中的弹窗函数

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

int main()
{
    printf("hello world");
    
    MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("hello C"),TEXT("标题"),MB_OK);
    
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

编译运行会弹出一个消息框，如图所示

三第一个windows窗口程序

1.修改源main.cpp文件代码，调用win32api中的窗口函数

控制台程序的入口点为main()函数，windows窗口程序的默认入口点为Winmain
需要在项目中把改变设置Properties->Linker->System->SubSystem->Windows
第一个窗口程序主要分为一个入口函数WinMain与一个回调函数
创建第一个windows窗口程序用到的主要函数
1. 注册 RegisterClassEx
2. 创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
3. 显示窗口 ShowWindow
4. 进入消息循环 GetMessage

WinMain

int  WinMain(
    HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
    int       nShowCmd
)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { };
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = L"Sample Window Class";
/*
1.注册 RegisterClassEx
2.创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
3.显示窗口 ShowWindow
4.进入消息循环 GetMessage
*/
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,                              // Optional window styles.
        wc.lpszClassName,               // Window class
        L"Learn to Program Windows",    // Window text
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            // Window style
        // Size and position
        100,
        100,
        800,
        600,
        NULL,       // Parent window    
        NULL,       // Menu
        hInstance,  // Instance handle
        NULL        // Additional application data
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_NORMAL);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }


}

WindowProc

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
 
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

第一个窗口程序完整代码main.cpp

#include <Windows.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int  WinMain(
    HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
    int       nShowCmd
)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { };
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = L"Sample Window Class";
/*
1.注册 RegisterClassEx
2.创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
3.显示窗口 ShowWindow
4.进入消息循环 GetMessage
*/
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,                              // Optional window styles.
        wc.lpszClassName,               // Window class
        L"Learn to Program Windows",    // Window text
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            // Window style
        // Size and position
        100,
        100,
        800,
        600,
        NULL,       // Parent window    
        NULL,       // Menu
        hInstance,  // Instance handle
        NULL        // Additional application data
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_NORMAL);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }


}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
 
    switch (uMsg)
    {
            
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

编译运行会显示一个窗口

2.完善第一个windows窗口程序,给窗口添加控件

添加一下代码,给窗口程序添加一个按钮

HWND hwndButton = CreateWindow(
        L"BUTTON",  // Predefined class; Unicode assumed 
        L"OK",      // Button text 
        WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,  // Styles 
        10,         // x position 
        10,         // y position 
        100,        // Button width
        100,        // Button height
        m_hwnd,     // Parent window
        NULL,       // No menu.
        (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(m_hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
        NULL);      // Pointer not needed.

main.cpp

#include <Windows.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int  WinMain(
    HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
    int       nShowCmd
)
{

    WNDCLASSEX wc = { };
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = L"Sample Window Class";
/*
1.注册 RegisterClassEx
2.创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
3.显示窗口 ShowWindow
4.进入消息循环 GetMessage
*/
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,                              // Optional window styles.
        wc.lpszClassName,               // Window class
        L"Learn to Program Windows",    // Window text
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            // Window style
        // Size and position
        100,
        100,
        800,
        600,
        NULL,       // Parent window    
        NULL,       // Menu
        hInstance,  // Instance handle
        NULL        // Additional application data
    );

    HWND hwndButton = CreateWindow(
        L"BUTTON",  // Predefined class; Unicode assumed 
        L"OK",      // Button text 
        WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,  // Styles 
        10,         // x position 
        10,         // y position 
        100,        // Button width
        100,        // Button height
        hwnd,     // Parent window
        NULL,       // No menu.
        (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
        NULL);      // Pointer not needed.

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_NORMAL);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }


}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
 
    switch (uMsg)
    {
            
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

3.继续完善第一个windows窗口程序,使用消息处理

在窗口消息函数中添加以下代码,当鼠标左键点击按钮时弹出一个消息框

1
2
3

case WM_COMMAND:
    MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("what's wrong?"), L"title", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
    return 0;

main.cpp

#include <Windows.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int  WinMain(
    HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
    int       nShowCmd
)
{

    WNDCLASSEX wc = { };
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = L"Sample Window Class";
/*
1.注册 RegisterClassEx
2.创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
3.显示窗口 ShowWindow
4.进入消息循环 GetMessage
*/
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,                              // Optional window styles.
        wc.lpszClassName,               // Window class
        L"Learn to Program Windows",    // Window text
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            // Window style
        // Size and position
        100,
        100,
        800,
        600,
        NULL,       // Parent window    
        NULL,       // Menu
        hInstance,  // Instance handle
        NULL        // Additional application data
    );

    HWND hwndButton = CreateWindow(
        L"BUTTON",  // Predefined class; Unicode assumed 
        L"OK",      // Button text 
        WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,  // Styles 
        10,         // x position 
        10,         // y position 
        100,        // Button width
        100,        // Button height
        hwnd,     // Parent window
        NULL,       // No menu.
        (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
        NULL);      // Pointer not needed.

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_NORMAL);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
 
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("what's wrong?"), L"message", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

4.完善消息处理

完整代码示例main.cpp

#include <Windows.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int PASCAL WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{

    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(101);
    wc.lpszClassName = L"MainWindowClass";
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wc.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(102));

    /*
    1.注册 RegisterClassEx
    2.创建窗口 CreateWindowEx
    3.显示窗口 ShowWindow
    4.进入消息循环 GetMessage
    */
    // Register the window class for the main window. 
    if (!hPrevInstance)
    {

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
            return FALSE;
    }
    // Create the main window. 
    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,                             // Optional window styles.
        wc.lpszClassName,               // Window class
        L"Learn to Program Windows",    // Window text
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            // Window style
        // Size and position
        100,
        100,
        800,
        600,
        NULL,       // Parent window    
        (HMENU)NULL,       // Menu
        hInstance,  // Instance handle
        NULL        // Additional application data
    );

    // If the main window cannot be created, terminate the application. 
    if (!hwnd)
        return FALSE;

    // Show the window and paint its contents. 
    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_NORMAL);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    BOOL bRet;
    MSG msg = { };
    // Start the message loop. 
    while ((bRet = GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) != 0)
    {
        if (bRet == -1)
        {
            // handle the error and possibly exit
        }
        else
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }
    // Return the exit code to the system. 
    return msg.wParam;

}

void OnSize(HWND hwnd, UINT flag, int width, int height)
{
    // Handle resizing
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{

    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:

        // Initialize the window. 
        CreateWindow(
            L"BUTTON",  // Predefined class; Unicode assumed 
            L"OK",      // Button text 
            WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,  // Styles 
            10,         // x position 
            10,         // y position 
            100,        // Button width
            100,        // Button height
            hwnd,     // Parent window
            (HMENU)11,       //  menu.
            (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
            NULL);      // Pointer not needed.
        CreateWindow(
            L"BUTTON",  // Predefined class; Unicode assumed 
            L"OK",      // Button text 
            WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,  // Styles 
            110,         // x position 
            110,         // y position 
            100,        // Button width
            100,        // Button height
            hwnd,     // Parent window
            (HMENU)12,       //  menu.
            (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
            NULL);      // Pointer not needed.
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
        // Paint the window's client area.
        HDC hdc;
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));
        TextOut(hdc, 150, 150, L"This is a winow", 28);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        return 0;
    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
    {
        MessageBeep(0);
    }
    case WM_SIZE:
        // Set the size and position of the window. 
    {
        int width = LOWORD(lParam);  // Macro to get the low-order word.
        int height = HIWORD(lParam); // Macro to get the high-order word.

        // Respond to the message:
        OnSize(hwnd, (UINT)wParam, width, height);
    }
    return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        // Clean up window-specific data objects. 
        DestroyWindow(hwnd);
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    case WM_COMMAND:
    {
        int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
        // Parse the menu selections:
        switch (wmId)
        {
        case 11:
            //DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("11"), L"message", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
            break;
        case 12:
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("12"), L"message", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
            break;
        case 40001:
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("about"), L"message", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
        }
    }
    break;


    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

win32api封装后创建窗口程序

补充说明

创建窗口的思路演变

1.API创建窗口及消息处理

写一个窗口入口函数，入口函数创建窗口。
写一个消息处理函数，处理窗口程序的每个功能。

2.使用对话框资源创建窗口

在工程中添加资源，控件可以拖动。
将控件的头文件包含进源文件。

资源文件里画的控件图标，在源文件里写控件消息，在入口函数里调用控件api函数将窗口过程与消息绑定。

3.使用MFC创建对话框窗口

调用win32api开发windows窗口程序的项目称为windows桌面程序，在VisualStudio2019中可以创建windows桌面程序的工程，创建方法为选择Windows Desktop Wizard->desktop或windows desktop application

相关链接:

模块 1. 你的第一个 Windows 程序

演练：创建传统的 Windows 桌面应用程序 (C++)

前章：用api 创建一个windows 窗口【C++ Windows API】

前因

过程

一 第一个控制台程序

二 第一个win32api的使用

三 第一个windows窗口程序

1.修改源main.cpp文件代码，调用win32api中的窗口函数

2.完善第一个windows窗口程序,给窗口添加控件

3.继续完善第一个windows窗口程序,使用消息处理

4.完善消息处理

win32api封装后创建窗口程序

补充说明

一第一个控制台程序

二第一个win32api的使用

三第一个windows窗口程序