11.win32gui使用d3d

三角

main.cpp

#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif

#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <wrl/client.h>
#include <cmath>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dxgi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")

using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;

// 1. 全局资源指针（为了在回调函数中重绘）
ComPtr<ID3D11Device>            g_device;
ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext>     g_context;
ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain>          g_swapChain;
ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView>  g_rtv;
ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer>            g_vertexBuffer;
ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer>            g_constantBuffer;
ComPtr<ID3D11VertexShader>      g_vertexShader;
ComPtr<ID3D11PixelShader>       g_pixelShader;
ComPtr<ID3D11InputLayout>       g_inputLayout;

struct Vertex {
    float x, y, z;
    float r, g, b, a;
};

struct ConstantBuffer {
    float matrix[4][4];
};

const char* shaderSource = R"(
cbuffer SceneData : register(b0) { matrix transform; };
struct VOut { float4 pos : SV_POSITION; float4 col : COLOR; };
VOut VShader(float4 pos : POSITION, float4 col : COLOR) {
    VOut output;
    output.pos = mul(pos, transform);
    output.col = col;
    return output;
}
float4 PShader(float4 pos : SV_POSITION, float4 col : COLOR) : SV_TARGET {
    return col;
}
)";
void ShowFPS() {
    static int frames = 0;
    static double lastTime = GetTickCount64();
    frames++;
    double currentTime = GetTickCount64();
    if (currentTime - lastTime >= 1000.0) {
        std::cout << "\r当前渲染帧率 (FPS): " << frames << "    " << std::flush;
        frames = 0;
        lastTime = currentTime;
    }
}

// 2. 独立的渲染函数
void Render() {
    if (!g_context || !g_rtv) return;

    static float time = 0.0f;
    time += 0.0005f;

    // 更新旋转矩阵
    ConstantBuffer cbData = {};
    float s = sin(time), c = cos(time);
    cbData.matrix[0][0] = c;  cbData.matrix[0][1] = -s;
    cbData.matrix[1][0] = s;  cbData.matrix[1][1] = c;
    cbData.matrix[2][2] = 1.0f; cbData.matrix[3][3] = 1.0f;

    D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mapped;
    g_context->Map(g_constantBuffer.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mapped);
    memcpy(mapped.pData, &cbData, sizeof(cbData));
    g_context->Unmap(g_constantBuffer.Get(), 0);

    float bgColor[] = { 0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 1.0f };
    g_context->ClearRenderTargetView(g_rtv.Get(), bgColor);

    g_context->OMSetRenderTargets(1, g_rtv.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);
    UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex), offset = 0;
    g_context->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, g_vertexBuffer.GetAddressOf(), &stride, &offset);
    g_context->IASetInputLayout(g_inputLayout.Get());
    g_context->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
    g_context->VSSetShader(g_vertexShader.Get(), nullptr, 0);
    g_context->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, g_constantBuffer.GetAddressOf());
    g_context->PSSetShader(g_pixelShader.Get(), nullptr, 0);

    g_context->Draw(3, 0);
    g_swapChain->Present(1, 0);
    ShowFPS();
}

// 增加一个重置资源的函数
void ResizeD3D(int width, int height) {
    if (!g_swapChain) return;

    // 1. 必须先释放掉引用了后台缓冲的资源
    g_rtv.Reset();

    // 2. 调整缓冲区大小 (0 表示保持原有格式)
    g_swapChain->ResizeBuffers(0, width, height, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);

    // 3. 重新获取后台缓冲并创建 RTV
    ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> pBackBuffer;
    g_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
    g_device->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer.Get(), nullptr, &g_rtv);

    // 4. 更新视口，否则画面会裁剪
    D3D11_VIEWPORT vp = { 0, 0, (float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f };
    g_context->RSSetViewports(1, &vp);
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (message) {
    case WM_SIZE:
        // 当窗口大小改变时，wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED 确保不是最小化
        if (g_device && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED) {
            int width = LOWORD(lParam);
            int height = HIWORD(lParam);
            ResizeD3D(width, height);
            Render(); // 立即画一帧，防止拉伸白屏
        }
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
        Render();
        ValidateRect(hWnd, NULL);
        return 0;

        // 优化：处理窗口正在调整大小时的平滑度
    case WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE:
        // 可以在此处暂停某些逻辑
        return 0;
    case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
        // 调整结束
        return 0;
    case WM_ERASEBKGND:
        return 1; // 告诉系统：背景已处理，别乱擦我的屏
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

int main() {
    system("chcp 65001");

    // 注册 Unicode 窗口类
    WNDCLASSW wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
    wc.lpszClassName = L"D3D11_Modern_Class";
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    RegisterClassW(&wc);

    // 创建窗口（使用 L 前缀确保标题不被截断）
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowExW(0, L"D3D11_Modern_Class", L"Direct3D 11 旋转三角形 - Unicode 版",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 800, 600, nullptr, nullptr, wc.hInstance, nullptr);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);

    // --- D3D11 初始化 ---
    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd = {};
    sd.BufferCount = 1;
    sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
    sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
    sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    sd.Windowed = TRUE;

    D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0,
        D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_swapChain, &g_device, nullptr, &g_context);

    ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> pBackBuffer;
    g_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
    g_device->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer.Get(), nullptr, &g_rtv);

    // 编译 Shader
    ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vsBlob, psBlob;
    D3DCompile(shaderSource, strlen(shaderSource), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, "VShader", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, &vsBlob, nullptr);
    D3DCompile(shaderSource, strlen(shaderSource), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, "PShader", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, &psBlob, nullptr);
    g_device->CreateVertexShader(vsBlob->GetBufferPointer(), vsBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &g_vertexShader);
    g_device->CreatePixelShader(psBlob->GetBufferPointer(), psBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &g_pixelShader);

    // 输入布局
    D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC ied[] = {
        {"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
        {"COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}
    };
    g_device->CreateInputLayout(ied, 2, vsBlob->GetBufferPointer(), vsBlob->GetBufferSize(), &g_inputLayout);

    // 顶点与常量缓冲
    Vertex verts[] = { {0, 0.5f, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1}, {0.5f, -0.5f, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1} };
    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd = { sizeof(verts), D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT, D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER, 0, 0, 0 };
    D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vsd = { verts, 0, 0 };
    g_device->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vsd, &g_vertexBuffer);

    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbd = { sizeof(ConstantBuffer), D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC, D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER, D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE, 0, 0 };
    g_device->CreateBuffer(&cbd, nullptr, &g_constantBuffer);

    D3D11_VIEWPORT vp = { 0, 0, 800, 600, 0.0f, 1.0f };
    g_context->RSSetViewports(1, &vp);

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg = { 0 };
    while (msg.message != WM_QUIT) {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else {
            Render(); // 正常渲染
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)

# 项目名称
project(ConsoleD3D11 LANGUAGES CXX)
# 关键：开启全局 Unicode 支持，防止标题截断
add_definitions(-DUNICODE -D_UNICODE)

if(MSVC)
    add_compile_options("/utf-8")
endif()
# 设置 C++ 标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# 1. 寻找 Windows SDK 中的核心库
# d3d11.lib: 核心 API
# dxgi.lib: 交换链和硬件管理
# d3dcompiler.lib: HLSL 着色器编译
find_library(D3D11_LIB d3d11 REQUIRED)
find_library(DXGI_LIB dxgi REQUIRED)
find_library(D3DCOMPILER_LIB d3dcompiler REQUIRED)

# 2. 扫描源文件 (假设你的文件名是 main.cpp)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)

# 3. 链接库到可执行文件
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE 
    ${D3D11_LIB} 
    ${DXGI_LIB} 
    ${D3DCOMPILER_LIB}
)
# 输出到项目下的 bin 文件夹
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bin")
# 4. (可选) 设置控制台子系统
# 虽然 CMake 默认就是控制台，但这样可以确保链接器行为正确
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES 
    WIN32_EXECUTABLE FALSE
)