[toc]

在windows窗口程序中让图形通过键盘控制移动

1.通过WSAD控制像素点上下左右移动

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#include <windows.h>

// 定义全局变量来存储红色像素点的坐标
int posX = 50; // 初始X坐标
int posY = 50; // 初始Y坐标

// 窗口过程函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_PAINT: {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        // 使用 SetPixel 绘制像素点
        SetPixel(hdc, posX, posY, RGB(255, 0, 0)); // 只绘制一个红色像素点

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN: {
        // 根据按下的键更新坐标
        switch (wParam) {
        case 'W': // 向上移动
            posY -= 5;
            break;
        case 'S': // 向下移动
            posY += 5;
            break;
        case 'A': // 向左移动
            posX -= 5;
            break;
        case 'D': // 向右移动
            posX += 5;
            break;
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// WinMain 函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = "Sample Window Class";

    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0, CLASS_NAME, "SetPixel Example",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 400,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

2.通过WSAD控制矩形上下左右移动

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#include <windows.h>

// 定义全局变量来存储矩形的坐标和大小
int rectX = 50; // 矩形左上角的X坐标
int rectY = 50; // 矩形左上角的Y坐标
int rectWidth = 50; // 矩形的宽度
int rectHeight = 30; // 矩形的高度

// 窗口过程函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_PAINT: {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        // 绘制矩形
        Rectangle(hdc, rectX, rectY, rectX + rectWidth, rectY + rectHeight);

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN: {
        // 根据按下的键更新矩形的坐标
        switch (wParam) {
        case 'W': // 向上移动
            rectY -= 5;
            break;
        case 'S': // 向下移动
            rectY += 5;
            break;
        case 'A': // 向左移动
            rectX -= 5;
            break;
        case 'D': // 向右移动
            rectX += 5;
            break;
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// WinMain 函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = "Sample Window Class";

    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0, CLASS_NAME, "Rectangle Control Example",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 400,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

3.修复移动时会留下痕迹的问题

解决方法是每次重新绘制时先清除窗口背景再重新绘制

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#include <windows.h>

// 定义全局变量来存储矩形的坐标和大小
int rectX = 50; // 矩形左上角的X坐标
int rectY = 50; // 矩形左上角的Y坐标
int rectWidth = 50; // 矩形的宽度
int rectHeight = 30; // 矩形的高度

// 窗口过程函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_PAINT: {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        // 清除窗口背景
        FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));

        // 绘制矩形
        Rectangle(hdc, rectX, rectY, rectX + rectWidth, rectY + rectHeight);

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN: {
        // 根据按下的键更新矩形的坐标
        switch (wParam) {
        case 'W': // 向上移动
            rectY -= 5;
            break;
        case 'S': // 向下移动
            rectY += 5;
            break;
        case 'A': // 向左移动
            rectX -= 5;
            break;
        case 'D': // 向右移动
            rectX += 5;
            break;
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// WinMain 函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = "Sample Window Class";

    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0, CLASS_NAME, "Rectangle Control Example",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 400,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

4.添加边界检测，使图形不突破边界

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#include <windows.h>

// 定义全局变量来存储矩形的坐标和大小
int rectX = 50; // 矩形左上角的X坐标
int rectY = 50; // 矩形左上角的Y坐标
int rectWidth = 50; // 矩形的宽度
int rectHeight = 30; // 矩形的高度

// 窗口过程函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_PAINT: {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        // 清除窗口背景
        FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));

        // 绘制矩形
        Rectangle(hdc, rectX, rectY, rectX + rectWidth, rectY + rectHeight);

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN: {
        // 获取窗口的客户区大小
        RECT clientRect;
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &clientRect);

        // 根据按下的键更新矩形的坐标
        switch (wParam) {
        case VK_UP: // 向上移动
            if (rectY > 0) {
                rectY -= 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_DOWN: // 向下移动
            if (rectY + rectHeight < clientRect.bottom) {
                rectY += 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_LEFT: // 向左移动
            if (rectX > 0) {
                rectX -= 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_RIGHT: // 向右移动
            if (rectX + rectWidth < clientRect.right) {
                rectX += 5;
            }
            break;
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// WinMain 函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = "Sample Window Class";

    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0, CLASS_NAME, "Rectangle Control Example",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 400,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

5.添加左上、右上、右下和左下四个方向的移动

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#include <windows.h>

// 定义全局变量来存储矩形的坐标和大小
int rectX = 50; // 矩形左上角的X坐标
int rectY = 50; // 矩形左上角的Y坐标
int rectWidth = 50; // 矩形的宽度
int rectHeight = 30; // 矩形的高度

// 定义标志来跟踪按下的键
BOOL keyUpPressed = FALSE;
BOOL keyDownPressed = FALSE;
BOOL keyLeftPressed = FALSE;
BOOL keyRightPressed = FALSE;

// 窗口过程函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_PAINT: {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        // 清除窗口背景
        FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));

        // 绘制矩形
        Rectangle(hdc, rectX, rectY, rectX + rectWidth, rectY + rectHeight);

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN: {
        // 获取窗口的客户区大小
        RECT clientRect;
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &clientRect);

        // 根据按下的键更新标志
        switch (wParam) {
        case VK_UP: // 向上移动
            keyUpPressed = TRUE;
            if (rectY > 0) {
                rectY -= 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_DOWN: // 向下移动
            keyDownPressed = TRUE;
            if (rectY + rectHeight < clientRect.bottom) {
                rectY += 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_LEFT: // 向左移动
            keyLeftPressed = TRUE;
            if (rectX > 0) {
                rectX -= 5;
            }
            break;
        case VK_RIGHT: // 向右移动
            keyRightPressed = TRUE;
            if (rectX + rectWidth < clientRect.right) {
                rectX += 5;
            }
            break;
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_KEYUP: {
        // 根据释放的键更新标志
        switch (wParam) {
        case VK_UP:
            keyUpPressed = FALSE;
            break;
        case VK_DOWN:
            keyDownPressed = FALSE;
            break;
        case VK_LEFT:
            keyLeftPressed = FALSE;
            break;
        case VK_RIGHT:
            keyRightPressed = FALSE;
            break;
        }
    } break;

    case WM_TIMER: {
        // 获取窗口的客户区大小
        RECT clientRect;
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &clientRect);

        // 检查按键状态并移动矩形
        if (keyUpPressed && keyRightPressed) { // 右上
            if (rectX + rectWidth < clientRect.right && rectY > 0) {
                rectX += 5; // 向右移动
                rectY -= 5; // 向上移动
            }
        }
        if (keyUpPressed && keyLeftPressed) { // 左上
            if (rectX > 0 && rectY > 0) {
                rectX -= 5; // 向左移动
                rectY -= 5; // 向上移动
            }
        }
        if (keyDownPressed && keyRightPressed) { // 右下
            if (rectX + rectWidth < clientRect.right && rectY + rectHeight < clientRect.bottom) {
                rectX += 5; // 向右移动
                rectY += 5; // 向下移动
            }
        }
        if (keyDownPressed && keyLeftPressed) { // 左下
            if (rectX > 0 && rectY + rectHeight < clientRect.bottom) {
                rectX -= 5; // 向左移动
                rectY += 5; // 向下移动
            }
        }

        // 触发重绘窗口
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
    } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// WinMain 函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = "Sample Window Class";

    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0, CLASS_NAME, "Rectangle Control Example",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 400,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL
    );

    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);

    // 设置定时器以定期检查键状态
    SetTimer(hwnd, 1, 50, NULL); // 每50毫秒检查一次

    // 消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}