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用C语言在windows中使用串口通信

  • 接收串口消息的时候，如果出现乱码将串口速率修改到正确速率。

UART.c

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//UART.c
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define COM_PORT "COM3"  // 串口号（根据实际情况修改）
#define BAUD_RATE 115200   // 波特率

/* 发送数据 */
void send_data(HANDLE hSerial, const char* data) {
    DWORD bytesWritten;
    if (!WriteFile(hSerial, data, strlen(data), &bytesWritten, NULL)) {
        printf("发送失败\n");
    }
    else {
        printf("发送成功: %s\n", data);
    }
}

/* 读取串口数据 */
void read_data(HANDLE hSerial) {
    char buffer[256] = { 0 };
    DWORD bytesRead;

    while (1) {  // 循环读取数据
        if (ReadFile(hSerial, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, &bytesRead, NULL) && bytesRead > 0) {
            buffer[bytesRead] = '\0';
            printf("接收: %s\n", buffer);
        }
        Sleep(100);  // 避免 CPU 过载
    }
}

/* 主函数 */
int main() {
    HANDLE hSerial;
    DCB dcbSerialParams = { 0 };
    COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts = { 0 };

    /* 打开串口 */
    hSerial = CreateFileA(COM_PORT, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
    if (hSerial == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        printf("无法打开串口 %s\n", COM_PORT);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("成功打开串口 %s\n", COM_PORT);

    /* 配置串口 */
    dcbSerialParams.DCBlength = sizeof(dcbSerialParams);
    if (!GetCommState(hSerial, &dcbSerialParams)) {
        printf("获取串口状态失败\n");
        return 1;
    }
    dcbSerialParams.BaudRate = BAUD_RATE;
    dcbSerialParams.ByteSize = 8;
    dcbSerialParams.Parity = NOPARITY;
    dcbSerialParams.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
    if (!SetCommState(hSerial, &dcbSerialParams)) {
        printf("设置串口参数失败\n");
        return 1;
    }

    /* 设置超时 */
    timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 50;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 50;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 10;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 50;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 10;
    SetCommTimeouts(hSerial, &timeouts);

    /* 启动读取线程 */
    CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)read_data, hSerial, 0, NULL);

    /* 发送数据 */
    char input[256];
    while (1) {
        printf("输入要发送的数据: ");
        fgets(input, sizeof(input), stdin);

        if (input[0] == 'q') break;  // 输入 'q' 退出

        send_data(hSerial, input);
    }

    /* 关闭串口 */
    CloseHandle(hSerial);
    printf("串口关闭\n");
    return 0;
}